for dates
the 3rd of November
Are you free on the 15th?
for decades
the 1980s
the early 2000s
for rivers, oceans and seas
the River Nile
the Atlantic
the Mediterranean
for unions, republics and island groups
the UAE
the Czech Republic
the Seychelles
for rainforests and mountain ranges
the Amazon
the Andes
for gulfs, bays and deserts
the Persian Gulf
the Bay of Bengal
the Sahara Desert
for wars
the Vietnam War
the First World War
for cinemas, theatres and museums
the Odeon
the National Theatre
the Louvre
for organisations
the FBI
the police
for newspapers
the Telegraph
the Washington Post
for unique nouns
the Pope
the Colosseum
for positions and locations
the top of the page
the end of the street
for superlatives
the quickest route
the cheapest option
for general everyday things that are part of our daily lives
I always read the newspaper
on the train to work
for things that are universally known because they are part
of our physical environment and natural world
We lay on the grass and
looked at the stars
before uncountable nouns to mean enough
I don’t have the time or
the patience for crosswords
for adjectives when used as plural nouns to describe
groups of people
I think the rich should pay higher
taxes to help the poor
The Spanish are known for taking
siestas in the afternoon
before singular nouns to represent all of those nouns that exist
(more commonly used in writing)
Our lives have changed beyond
measure thanks to the computer
The panda is becoming an
increasingly rare animal
for the noun of noun phrases
the end of an era
the works of Shakespeare
for times, days and months
at 12:30 pm
on Wednesday
in December
(use the to refer to a specific day)
Are you free on the Tuesday before Christmas?
for parks
Hyde Park
Central Park
for lakes
Lake Garda
Loch Ness
for mountains
Mount Fuji
Mount Kilimanjaro
for languages
Arabic
Mandarin
for cities, countries and continents
Prague
Colombia
Asia
for roads and streets
Oxford Street
Fifth Avenue
for meals
breakfast
lunch
dinner
for adjective + place
central Oxford
Western Europe
for plural nouns, uncountable nouns and abstract nouns
to talk about them in general
My partner adores cats
I need to earn more money
Happiness is the key to life
(use the to refer to specific nouns)
The cats next door are very noisy
Have you got the money I lent you?
I could see the happiness in her eyes
for institutions (educational, medical, religious, etc.) after prepositions
to refer to the activity that happens there
(use the to refer to just the building)
Don’t be late for school
(educational institution)
We live next to the school
(building)
I’ve been in hospital for a week
(medical institution)
How far is it to the hospital?
(building)
I’m meeting a friend from church
(religious institution)
The churches in Rome are spectacular
(buildings)
Not only will phrasal verbs make you sound more natural, but they can also help you avoid making mistakes. For instance, a very common error is the misuse of the verb update when talking about news and current affairs:
I try to update about the news by reading articles online
I watch the news to update me on what’s going on around the world
An easy way to avoid such errors is to use keep up with instead:
I try to keep up with the news by reading articles online
I watch the news to keep up with what’s going on around the world