READING & USE OF ENGLISH: Part 1
READING & USE OF ENGLISH: Part 2
READING & USE OF ENGLISH: Part 3
READING & USE OF ENGLISH: Part 4
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Calendar page with red pen close up. Focus on number 15 in calendar and empty red circle for design in your ideas and work concept

for dates

the 3rd of November
Are you free on the 15th?


for decades

the 1980s
the early 2000s


for rivers, oceans and seas

the River Nile
the Atlantic
the Mediterranean


for unions, republics and island groups

the UAE
the Czech Republic
the Seychelles


for rainforests and mountain ranges

the Amazon
the Andes


for gulfs, bays and deserts

the Persian Gulf
the Bay of Bengal
the Sahara Desert


for wars

the Vietnam War
the First World War


for cinemas, theatres and museums

the Odeon
the National Theatre
the Louvre


for organisations

the FBI
the police


for newspapers

the Telegraph
the Washington Post


for unique nouns

the Pope
the Colosseum


for positions and locations

the top of the page
the end of the street


for superlatives

the quickest route
the cheapest option


for general everyday things that are part of our daily lives

I always read the newspaper
on the train to work


for things that are universally known because they are part
of our physical environment and natural world

We lay on the grass and
looked at the stars


before uncountable nouns to mean enough

I don’t have the time or
the patience for crosswords


for adjectives when used as plural nouns to describe
groups of people

I think the rich should pay higher
taxes to help
the
poor

The Spanish are known for taking
siestas in the afternoon


before singular nouns to represent all of those nouns that exist
(more commonly used in writing)

Our lives have changed beyond
measure thanks to the computer
The panda is becoming an
increasingly rare animal


for the noun of noun phrases

the end of an era
the works of Shakespeare

clock

for times, days and months

at 12:30 pm
on Wednesday
in December

(use the to refer to a specific day)

Are you free on the Tuesday before Christmas?


for parks

Hyde Park
Central Park


for lakes

Lake Garda
Loch Ness


for mountains

Mount Fuji
Mount Kilimanjaro


for languages

Arabic
Mandarin


for cities, countries and continents

Prague
Colombia
Asia


for roads and streets

Oxford Street
Fifth Avenue


for meals

breakfast
lunch
dinner


for adjective + place

central Oxford
Western Europe


for plural nouns, uncountable nouns and abstract nouns
to talk about them in general

My partner adores cats
I need to earn more money
Happiness is the key to life

(use the to refer to specific nouns)

The cats next door are very noisy
Have you got the money I lent you?
I could see the happiness in her eyes


for institutions (educational, medical, religious, etc.) after prepositions
to refer to the activity that happens there

(use the to refer to just the building)

Don’t be late for school
(educational institution)
We live next to the school
(building)

I’ve been in hospital for a week
(medical institution)
How far is it to the hospital?
(building)

I’m meeting a friend from church
(religious institution)
The churches in Rome are spectacular
(buildings)

Not only will phrasal verbs make you sound more natural, but they can also help you avoid making mistakes. For instance, a very common error is the misuse of the verb update when talking about news and current affairs:

I try to update about the news by reading articles online

I watch the news to update me on what’s going on around the world


An easy way to avoid such errors is to use keep up with instead:

I try to keep up with the news by reading articles online

I watch the news to keep up with what’s going on around the world